| 马一浮纪念馆散文800字 |
|---|
| 进入“西湖十景”之一的“花港观鱼”大门，沿一偏僻的小径行走不远，便来到蒋庄马一浮纪念馆。 | jin ru “xi hu shi jing ”zhi yi de “hua gang guan yu ”da men ，yan yi pian pi de xiao jing hang zou bu yuan ，bian lai dao jiang zhuang ma yi fu ji nian guan 。 |
| 蒋庄由三幢中西合璧式的楼房组成，原名“小万柳堂”，系无锡廉惠卿所建，后转让于爱国富商蒋国榜。蒋国榜用重金购得小万柳堂后，供其母到杭州养病小憩。1950年，马一浮应蒋邀请，前往蒋庄居住，直到“文革”开始，整整17年。 | jiang zhuang you san chuang zhong xi ge bi shi de lou fang zu cheng ，yuan ming “xiao mo liu tang ”，ji mo xi lian hui qing suo jian ，hou zhuai rang yu ai guo fu shang jiang guo bang 。jiang guo bang yong chong jin gou de xiao mo liu tang hou ，gong ji mu dao hang zhou yang bing xiao qi 。1950nian ，ma yi fu ying jiang yao qing ，qian wang jiang zhuang ju zhu ，zhi dao “wen ge ”kai shi ，zheng zheng 17nian 。 |
| 现在设为马一浮纪念馆的是一幢二层小楼，背倚闹市，面朝西湖，庭中古木蓊郁，清爽雅致，镂花的大门敞开着，馆内和庭中都没有游人。一只小松鼠在庭前高大茂密的广玉兰树上上窜下跳，引得树叶瑟瑟作响，使得庭中更显幽静寂寥。 | xian zai she wei ma yi fu ji nian guan de shi yi chuang er ceng xiao lou ，bei yi nao shi ，mian chao xi hu ，ting zhong gu mu weng yu ，qing shuang ya zhi ，lou hua de da men chang kai zhao ，guan nei he ting zhong dou mei you you ren 。yi zhi xiao song shu zai ting qian gao da mao mi de an yu lan shu shang shang cuan xia tiao ，yin de shu xie se se zuo xiang ，shi de ting zhong geng xian you jing ji liao 。 |
| 我静静地步入馆内，阅读着有关马一浮的生平。这位被梁漱溟称为“千年国粹，一代儒宗”国学大师，1883年生于成都，5岁开始读唐诗，6岁随父母返原籍绍兴;15岁与周树人、周作人兄弟等应试绍兴乡试，独占鳌头名噪东南;18岁到上海学外文，跟谢无量、马君武创办《二十世纪翻译世界》杂志，着力介绍西方社会主义学说;20岁因精通英文、法文、西班牙文、拉丁文，被清政府驻美使馆聘为留学生监督公署中文文牍和万国博览会中国馆外文秘书;随后又到英国、德国、日本游学，钻研西方哲学、文学，以熟谙七种外文被世人誉为“天下文章归谢马”。自1906年起寄居杭州，静心批读文澜阁《四库全书》36000余册。但他在杭州向无定居之处，曾隐居古寺陋巷，直到入住蒋庄，方觉怡然自得。他曾这样向朋友描述蒋庄:“临水为楼，轩窗洞豁。南对九曜山，山外玉皇峰顶，丛树蔚然若可接。东界苏堤，槐柳成行。西望三台，南北两高峰环侍。唯北背孤山、宝石山，不见白堤。避喧就寂，差可栖迟。南湖一曲荷叶，天天若在。庭沼俯槛，游鱼可数。今日湖上园亭寥落，此为胜处矣。” | wo jing jing de bu ru guan nei ，yue dou zhao you guan ma yi fu de sheng ping 。zhe wei bei liang shu ming chen wei “qian nian guo cui ，yi dai ru zong ”guo xue da shi ，1883nian sheng yu cheng dou ，5sui kai shi dou tang shi ，6sui sui fu mu fan yuan ji shao xing ;15sui yu zhou shu ren 、zhou zuo ren xiong di deng ying shi shao xing xiang shi ，du zhan ao tou ming zao dong na ;18sui dao shang hai xue wai wen ，gen xie mo liang 、ma jun wu chuang ban 《er shi shi ji fan yi shi jie 》za zhi ，zhao li jie shao xi fang she hui zhu yi xue shui ;20sui yin jing tong ying wen 、fa wen 、xi ban ya wen 、la ding wen ，bei qing zheng fu zhu mei shi guan pin wei liu xue sheng jian du gong shu zhong wen wen du he mo guo bo lan hui zhong guo guan wai wen bi shu ;sui hou you dao ying guo 、de guo 、ri ben you xue ，zuan yan xi fang zhe xue 、wen xue ，yi shou an qi chong wai wen bei shi ren yu wei “tian xia wen zhang gui xie ma ”。zi 1906nian qi ji ju hang zhou ，jing xin pi dou wen lan ge 《si ku quan shu 》36000yu ce 。dan ta zai hang zhou xiang mo ding ju zhi chu ，ceng yin ju gu si lou hang ，zhi dao ru zhu jiang zhuang ，fang jiao yi ran zi de 。ta ceng zhe yang xiang peng you miao shu jiang zhuang :“lin shui wei lou ，xuan chuang dong hua 。na dui jiu yao shan ，shan wai yu huang feng ding ，cong shu wei ran re ke jie 。dong jie su di ，huai liu cheng hang 。xi wang san tai ，na bei liang gao feng huan shi 。wei bei bei gu shan 、bao dan shan ，bu jian bai di 。bi xuan jiu ji ，cha ke qi chi 。na hu yi qu he xie ，tian tian re zai 。ting zhao fu jian ，you yu ke shu 。jin ri hu shang yuan ting liao la ，ci wei sheng chu yi 。” |
| 纪念馆的门廊内大门正上方悬有由沙孟海题写的牌匾“马一浮纪念馆”，沉雄顿挫，引人遐想。因为就在这廊檐下，陈毅曾专程来这里拜访马一浮，留下了一段“马门立雨”的佳话。1952年春天，时任上海市市长的陈毅轻车便服，前来拜访，当时马一浮正在休息，家人也不识来者是谁，如实相告，并请客人稍候后再去通报。陈毅忙称不必惊动，遂转身在花港公园转了一圈后再等。此时天空下起雨来，家人请客人进屋稍待。陈毅却言:“未得主诺，不便遽入。”遂在檐下等候。马一浮起床后，知道有客人等候并淋雨，连声致歉。此后宾主言谈契合，言及玄学、禅学、宋明理学和诗词等，陈毅尽欢而去。 | ji nian guan de men lang nei da men zheng shang fang xuan you you sha meng hai ti xie de pai bian “ma yi fu ji nian guan ”，chen xiong du cuo ，yin ren xia xiang 。yin wei jiu zai zhe lang yan xia ，chen yi ceng zhuan cheng lai zhe li bai fang ma yi fu ，liu xia le yi duan “ma men li yu ”de jia hua 。1952nian chun tian ，shi ren shang hai shi shi chang de chen yi qing che bian fu ，qian lai bai fang ，dang shi ma yi fu zheng zai xiu xi ，jia ren ye bu shi lai zhe shi shei ，ru shi xiang gao ，bing qing ke ren shao hou hou zai qu tong bao 。chen yi mang chen bu bi jing dong ，sui zhuai shen zai hua gang gong yuan zhuai le yi juan hou zai deng 。ci shi tian kong xia qi yu lai ，jia ren qing ke ren jin wu shao dai 。chen yi que yan :“wei de zhu nuo ，bu bian ju ru 。”sui zai yan xia deng hou 。ma yi fu qi chuang hou ，zhi dao you ke ren deng hou bing lin yu ，lian sheng zhi qian 。ci hou bin zhu yan tan qi ge ，yan ji xuan xue 、chan xue 、song ming li xue he shi ci deng ，chen yi jin huan er qu 。 |
| 马一浮曾备享殊荣:1938年蒋介石特地在重庆邀见和宴请他。宴后，蒋介石以“中正不学，忝主党国，任重事烦，缺失必多，幸识大师，愿垂教言”，虚心向马一浮请益之余，还令教育部长陈立夫为马一浮办了座复性书院，请他传承中华文脉。1964年毛泽东接见宴请全国政协花甲以上委员时，亦特地请马一浮坐在自己与周恩来之间，一再说“久仰大名，久仰大名”。然而两年后的“文革”中，马一浮却因“反动学术权威”、“封建余孽”之名被赶出蒋庄，那天，红卫兵将他毕生收藏的许多古书古画当众焚烧，他仓皇离别蒋庄一年后谢世。 “乘化吾安适，虚空任所之。形神随聚散，视听总希夷。沤灭全归海，花开正满枝。临崖挥手罢，落日正崦嵫。”宠辱不惊，物我两忘，大师情怀，令人感佩! | ma yi fu ceng bei xiang shu rong :1938nian jiang jie dan te de zai chong qing yao jian he yan qing ta 。yan hou ，jiang jie dan yi “zhong zheng bu xue ，tian zhu dang guo ，ren chong shi fan ，que shi bi duo ，xing shi da shi ，yuan chui jiao yan ”，xu xin xiang ma yi fu qing yi zhi yu ，hai ling jiao yo bu chang chen li fu wei ma yi fu ban le zuo fu xing shu yuan ，qing ta chuan cheng zhong hua wen mai 。1964nian mao ze dong jie jian yan qing quan guo zheng xie hua jia yi shang wei yuan shi ，yi te de qing ma yi fu zuo zai zi ji yu zhou en lai zhi jian ，yi zai shui “jiu yang da ming ，jiu yang da ming ”。ran er liang nian hou de “wen ge ”zhong ，ma yi fu que yin “fan dong xue shu quan wei ”、“feng jian yu nie ”zhi ming bei gan chu jiang zhuang ，na tian ，gong wei bing jiang ta bi sheng shou cang de hu duo gu shu gu hua dang zhong fen shao ，ta cang huang li bie jiang zhuang yi nian hou xie shi 。 “cheng hua wu an kuo ，xu kong ren suo zhi 。xing shen sui ju san ，shi ting zong xi yi 。ou mie quan gui hai ，hua kai zheng man zhi 。lin ya hui shou ba ，la ri zheng yan zi 。”chong ru bu jing ，wu wo liang wang ，da shi qing huai ，ling ren gan pei ! |
| 马一浮纪念馆陈列的多件诗文书信手稿，是不可多得的书法艺术珍品。他的书法隶书从《石门颂》入手，行书立足大王《圣教序》并参以索靖等人的章草，受沈寐叟书法启发，走碑帖兼容的道路。与沈寐叟的以拙取巧不同，马一浮则大巧若拙，马一浮对此曾这样说过:“人谓余书脱胎寐叟，甚或有之，无讳之必要，然说者实不知寐叟之来踪去迹，自更无从知余书有未到寐叟，甚或与之截然相反处?”马氏书法信手写来，妙手偶得，草行相杂，幽雅峻拔，较之沈氏书法的翻转盘旋，生拙厚重，确有“截然相反处”。 | ma yi fu ji nian guan chen lie de duo jian shi wen shu xin shou gao ，shi bu ke duo de de shu fa yi shu zhen pin 。ta de shu fa li shu cong 《dan men song 》ru shou ，hang shu li zu da wang 《sheng jiao xu 》bing can yi suo jing deng ren de zhang cao ，shou shen mei sou shu fa qi fa ，zou bei tie jian rong de dao lu 。yu shen mei sou de yi zhuo qu qiao bu tong ，ma yi fu ze da qiao re zhuo ，ma yi fu dui ci ceng zhe yang shui guo :“ren wei yu shu tuo tai mei sou ，shen huo you zhi ，mo hui zhi bi yao ，ran shui zhe shi bu zhi mei sou zhi lai zong qu ji ，zi geng mo cong zhi yu shu you wei dao mei sou ，shen huo yu zhi jie ran xiang fan chu ?”ma shi shu fa xin shou xie lai ，miao shou ou de ，cao hang xiang za ，you ya jun ba ，jiao zhi shen shi shu fa de fan zhuai pan xuan ，sheng zhuo hou chong ，que you “jie ran xiang fan chu ”。 |
jin ru “xi hu shi jing ”zhi yi de “hua gang guan yu ”da men ，yan yi pian pi de xiao jing hang zou bu yuan ，bian lai dao jiang zhuang ma yi fu ji nian guan 。
jiang zhuang you san chuang zhong xi ge bi shi de lou fang zu cheng ，yuan ming “xiao mo liu tang ”，ji mo xi lian hui qing suo jian ，hou zhuai rang yu ai guo fu shang jiang guo bang 。jiang guo bang yong chong jin gou de xiao mo liu tang hou ，gong ji mu dao hang zhou yang bing xiao qi 。1950nian ，ma yi fu ying jiang yao qing ，qian wang jiang zhuang ju zhu ，zhi dao “wen ge ”kai shi ，zheng zheng 17nian 。
xian zai she wei ma yi fu ji nian guan de shi yi chuang er ceng xiao lou ，bei yi nao shi ，mian chao xi hu ，ting zhong gu mu weng yu ，qing shuang ya zhi ，lou hua de da men chang kai zhao ，guan nei he ting zhong dou mei you you ren 。yi zhi xiao song shu zai ting qian gao da mao mi de an yu lan shu shang shang cuan xia tiao ，yin de shu xie se se zuo xiang ，shi de ting zhong geng xian you jing ji liao 。
wo jing jing de bu ru guan nei ，yue dou zhao you guan ma yi fu de sheng ping 。zhe wei bei liang shu ming chen wei “qian nian guo cui ，yi dai ru zong ”guo xue da shi ，1883nian sheng yu cheng dou ，5sui kai shi dou tang shi ，6sui sui fu mu fan yuan ji shao xing ;15sui yu zhou shu ren 、zhou zuo ren xiong di deng ying shi shao xing xiang shi ，du zhan ao tou ming zao dong na ;18sui dao shang hai xue wai wen ，gen xie mo liang 、ma jun wu chuang ban 《er shi shi ji fan yi shi jie 》za zhi ，zhao li jie shao xi fang she hui zhu yi xue shui ;20sui yin jing tong ying wen 、fa wen 、xi ban ya wen 、la ding wen ，bei qing zheng fu zhu mei shi guan pin wei liu xue sheng jian du gong shu zhong wen wen du he mo guo bo lan hui zhong guo guan wai wen bi shu ;sui hou you dao ying guo 、de guo 、ri ben you xue ，zuan yan xi fang zhe xue 、wen xue ，yi shou an qi chong wai wen bei shi ren yu wei “tian xia wen zhang gui xie ma ”。zi 1906nian qi ji ju hang zhou ，jing xin pi dou wen lan ge 《si ku quan shu 》36000yu ce 。dan ta zai hang zhou xiang mo ding ju zhi chu ，ceng yin ju gu si lou hang ，zhi dao ru zhu jiang zhuang ，fang jiao yi ran zi de 。ta ceng zhe yang xiang peng you miao shu jiang zhuang :“lin shui wei lou ，xuan chuang dong hua 。na dui jiu yao shan ，shan wai yu huang feng ding ，cong shu wei ran re ke jie 。dong jie su di ，huai liu cheng hang 。xi wang san tai ，na bei liang gao feng huan shi 。wei bei bei gu shan 、bao dan shan ，bu jian bai di 。bi xuan jiu ji ，cha ke qi chi 。na hu yi qu he xie ，tian tian re zai 。ting zhao fu jian ，you yu ke shu 。jin ri hu shang yuan ting liao la ，ci wei sheng chu yi 。”
ji nian guan de men lang nei da men zheng shang fang xuan you you sha meng hai ti xie de pai bian “ma yi fu ji nian guan ”，chen xiong du cuo ，yin ren xia xiang 。yin wei jiu zai zhe lang yan xia ，chen yi ceng zhuan cheng lai zhe li bai fang ma yi fu ，liu xia le yi duan “ma men li yu ”de jia hua 。1952nian chun tian ，shi ren shang hai shi shi chang de chen yi qing che bian fu ，qian lai bai fang ，dang shi ma yi fu zheng zai xiu xi ，jia ren ye bu shi lai zhe shi shei ，ru shi xiang gao ，bing qing ke ren shao hou hou zai qu tong bao 。chen yi mang chen bu bi jing dong ，sui zhuai shen zai hua gang gong yuan zhuai le yi juan hou zai deng 。ci shi tian kong xia qi yu lai ，jia ren qing ke ren jin wu shao dai 。chen yi que yan :“wei de zhu nuo ，bu bian ju ru 。”sui zai yan xia deng hou 。ma yi fu qi chuang hou ，zhi dao you ke ren deng hou bing lin yu ，lian sheng zhi qian 。ci hou bin zhu yan tan qi ge ，yan ji xuan xue 、chan xue 、song ming li xue he shi ci deng ，chen yi jin huan er qu 。
ma yi fu ceng bei xiang shu rong :1938nian jiang jie dan te de zai chong qing yao jian he yan qing ta 。yan hou ，jiang jie dan yi “zhong zheng bu xue ，tian zhu dang guo ，ren chong shi fan ，que shi bi duo ，xing shi da shi ，yuan chui jiao yan ”，xu xin xiang ma yi fu qing yi zhi yu ，hai ling jiao yo bu chang chen li fu wei ma yi fu ban le zuo fu xing shu yuan ，qing ta chuan cheng zhong hua wen mai 。1964nian mao ze dong jie jian yan qing quan guo zheng xie hua jia yi shang wei yuan shi ，yi te de qing ma yi fu zuo zai zi ji yu zhou en lai zhi jian ，yi zai shui “jiu yang da ming ，jiu yang da ming ”。ran er liang nian hou de “wen ge ”zhong ，ma yi fu que yin “fan dong xue shu quan wei ”、“feng jian yu nie ”zhi ming bei gan chu jiang zhuang ，na tian ，gong wei bing jiang ta bi sheng shou cang de hu duo gu shu gu hua dang zhong fen shao ，ta cang huang li bie jiang zhuang yi nian hou xie shi 。 “cheng hua wu an kuo ，xu kong ren suo zhi 。xing shen sui ju san ，shi ting zong xi yi 。ou mie quan gui hai ，hua kai zheng man zhi 。lin ya hui shou ba ，la ri zheng yan zi 。”chong ru bu jing ，wu wo liang wang ，da shi qing huai ，ling ren gan pei !
ma yi fu ji nian guan chen lie de duo jian shi wen shu xin shou gao ，shi bu ke duo de de shu fa yi shu zhen pin 。ta de shu fa li shu cong 《dan men song 》ru shou ，hang shu li zu da wang 《sheng jiao xu 》bing can yi suo jing deng ren de zhang cao ，shou shen mei sou shu fa qi fa ，zou bei tie jian rong de dao lu 。yu shen mei sou de yi zhuo qu qiao bu tong ，ma yi fu ze da qiao re zhuo ，ma yi fu dui ci ceng zhe yang shui guo :“ren wei yu shu tuo tai mei sou ，shen huo you zhi ，mo hui zhi bi yao ，ran shui zhe shi bu zhi mei sou zhi lai zong qu ji ，zi geng mo cong zhi yu shu you wei dao mei sou ，shen huo yu zhi jie ran xiang fan chu ?”ma shi shu fa xin shou xie lai ，miao shou ou de ，cao hang xiang za ，you ya jun ba ，jiao zhi shen shi shu fa de fan zhuai pan xuan ，sheng zhuo hou chong ，que you “jie ran xiang fan chu ”。
资料.rar资料1.rar
资料2.rar
评论